Fundamentals of Nursing

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Let's start the review with the scope of nursing practice.- R.A. 9173, Philippine Nursing Act 2002


Primarily, Nurses are responsible for the promotion of health and prevention of illness.


Duty of the nurse includes:
1. administration of written prescription for treatment, therapies, oral, topical and parenteral   
    medications
2. internal examination during labor in the ABSENCE of antenatal bleeding and delivery
3. Suturing of perineal laceration as long as the nurse undergone SPECIAL TRAINING




The Nurse's ROLES and RESPONSIBILITIES

  1. Caregiver- helps clients promote, restore and maintain health and wellness
  2. Counselor- helps clients identify and cope with stressful conditions
  3. Communicator- identifies needs and problems of a patient/group
  4. Coordinator/Manager- coordinates, manages and delegates tasks, also supervises and evaluates his co-workers
  5. Change Agent- modifies the behavior of patients and adjust to highly dynamic health technology
  6. Educator- especially during health promotion/teaching
  7. Clinician- it is the use of technical expertise to administer nursing care
  8. Leader- influences others to work together to achieve a mutually envisioned goal
  9. Advocate- defends and fights for the patient's rights
The Rights of the Patients

Rights to:
  1. Privacy                         5. Education
  2. Autonomy                    6. Not to be Restrained
  3. Information                  7. Confidentiality
  4. Refuse treatment           8. Services available
The Nightingale Pledge- written by Lystra Grette, the principal of Farrand Training School of Nurses in Detroit in 1893.



Iloilo Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses- produced the first trained nurses in the Philippines in 1909


Loreto Tupaz- known as the Florence Nightingale of Iloilo and Dean of Philippine Nursing


Act No. 2808- First Nursing Law


University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing- first college of nursing in the Philippines


University of the Philippines College of Nursing- first college to offer the course Bachelor of Science in Nursing


Mrs. Anastacia Giron-Tupas- known as the Pioneer of Philippine Nursing and founder of PNA


Proclamation 539 in October 17, 1958 by President Carlos P. Garcia- states that every last week of October is the "Nurses' Week"


NURSING THEORIES/THEORISTS



  • Florence Nightingale-Environmental Model
  • Virginia Henderson- 14 Basic Needs of Clients
  • Hildegard Peplau- Interpersonal Relations in Nursing
  • Dorothea Orem- Self-care Deficit Theory of Nursing
  • Faye Glenn Abdellah- 21 Nursing Problem
  • Dorothy Johnson- Behavioral System Model
  • Rosemarie Rizzo Parse-Theory of Human Becoming
  • Jean Watson- Human Caring Model
  • Betty Neuman- Health Care System Model
  • Madeleine Leininger- Transcultural Nursing
  • Sis. Calista Roy- Adaptation Model
  • Martha Rogers- Science of Unitary Human Being
  • Imogene King- Goal Attainment Theory
  • Myra Estrin Levine- Four Principles of Conservation
  • Ernestine Weidenbach- Prescriptive Theory
HEALTH- is the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and change or cope with environment. It is the complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO,1948)

LEVELS OF PREVENTION
  • PRIMARY PREVENTION- talks about prevention or delay of the actual occurance of an illness or disease.
  • SECONDARY PREVENTION- focused on early detection and early treatment of the disease
  • TERTIARY PREVENTION- it is the prevention of complications of a disease and also to the rehabilitation of the individual
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION- preventing the emergence of risk factors
SPECIFIC PROTECTION- removing or reducing the levels of the risk factors

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